Force |
Description |
Sea State Description |
Speed Knots |
Range |
Forecast Description |
Sea State |
Waves metres |
0 |
Calm |
Sea like a mirror |
0 |
<1 |
Calm |
Calm |
0 |
1 |
Light air |
“Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed but without foam crests.” |
2 |
1-3 |
Light |
Smooth |
0.1 |
2 |
Light breeze |
“Small wavelets still short but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.” |
5 |
4-6 |
Light |
Smooth |
0.2 |
3 |
Gentle breeze |
Large wavelets. Crests begin to break. Foam of glassy appearance. Scattered white horses. |
9 |
7-10 |
Light |
Slight |
0.6 |
4 |
Moderate breeze |
“Small waves becoming longer fairly frequent white horses.” |
13 |
11-16 |
Moderate |
Moderate |
1 |
5 |
Fresh breeze |
“Moderate waves taking a more Pronounced long form; many white horses are formed. Chance of some spray.” |
19 |
17-21 |
Fresh |
Rough |
2 |
6 |
Strong breeze |
Large waves begin to form; white foam crests are more extensive everywhere. Probably some spray. |
24 |
22-27 |
Strong |
Very rough |
3 |
7 |
Near gale |
Sea heaps up and white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks along the direction of the wind. |
30 |
28-33 |
Strong |
High |
4 |
8 |
Gale |
Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift. The foam is blown in well-marked streaks along the direction of the wind. |
37 |
34-40 |
Gale |
Very high |
5.5 |
9 |
Strong gale |
“High waves. Dense streaks of foam along the direction of the wind. Crests of waves begin to topple tumble and roll over. Spray may affect visibility.” |
44 |
41-47 |
Severe gale |
Very high |
7 |
10 |
Storm |
“Very high waves with long over-hanging crests. The resulting foam in great patches is blown in dense white streaks along the direction of wind. On the whole the surface of the sea takes a white appearance. The ‘tumbling’ of the sea becomes heavy and shock-like. Visibility is affected” |
52 |
48-55 |
Storm |
Phenomenal |
9 |
11 |
Violent storm |
Exceptionally high waves (small & medium sized ships might be lost to view for a time behind the waves). The sea is completely covered with long white patches of foam lying along the direction of the wind. Every-where the edges of the wave crests are blown into froth. Visibility is affected. |
60 |
56-63 |
Violent storm |
Phenomenal |
11.5 |
12 |
Hurricane |
The air is filled with foam and spray. Sea completely white with driving spray; visibility very seriously affected |
64+ |
Hurricane |
14 |